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Албинизъм Съдържание Видове | Лечение | Навигация

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Албинизъм


от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия

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Момиче-албинос от Папуа Нова Гвинея


Албинизъм е наследствено заболяване, което засяга очите и/или кожата. Предизвиква се от нарушение в образуването на пигмента меланин в кожата, в резултат на отклонения в активността на ензима тирозиназа.


Меланинът представлява естествен филтър срещу вредното въздействие на Слънцето. Неговата липса прави очите и кожата изключително чувствителни към слънчевата светлина. Поради това албиносите са по-предразположени към рак на кожата. Зрението също се засяга.


Честотата на срещане на албинизма варира между различните географски райони и човешки популации. Приема се, че средната честотата е 1:17 000 души. Една от страните с най-висока честота на албинизъм е Танзания, където се смята, че със състоянието живеят около 150 000 души.




Съдържание





  • 1 Видове

    • 1.1 Очно-кожен албинизъм


    • 1.2 Очен албинизъм


    • 1.3 Кожен албинизъм



  • 2 Лечение




Видове |


Различните видове албинизъм се различават по начина си на унаследяване, клиничните признаци и биохимични нарушения.



Очно-кожен албинизъм |


Очно-кожният албинизъм е основният вид, който засяга очите и кожата. Той се унаследява по рецесивен път и се характеризира с бяла коса, розово-бяла кожа, която не потъмнява от слънцето, и сини или червени ириси на очите.



Очен албинизъм |


Албинизмът, засягащ само очите, се унаследява по полово свързан път.



Кожен албинизъм |


Видът, който засяга само кожата, се унаследява по доминантен тип.



Лечение |


Заболяването е генетично обусловено и срещу него няма ефикасно лечение. Лечението на повечето видове включва зрителна рехабилитация. Много от хората с албинизъм носят различни видове лещи, за да могат да четат или работят. Основното правило е избягването на слънчевите лъчения, които могат да причинят негативни последици.








Взето от „https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Албинизъм&oldid=9079920“.





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